Background: Geographic Information system (GIS) software has been used in health care Systems to display and analyze spatial pattern of diseases and health services.Objectives: This study was performed to assess spatial patterns of colon’s pathologic lesions based on the pathologic reports and assess whether it is possible to use GIS software in health services.Patients and Methods: Archives of pathology of Namazi and Faghihi hospitals, two main referral centers of south-west of Iran, were obtained and reviewed between January 2009 and September 2011 for biopsy reports of patients who underwent colonoscopy. Abnormal biopsies were categorized into five different subgroups according to the type of pathologic specimens. By GIS, spatial patterns of colon biopsies were plotted in different maps and spatial auto-correlation of colon biopsies was calculated using the Moran’s Index.Results: A total of 4815 biopsies from 2663 different patients were reviewed, 53.8% of which were men. Abnormal biopsies were 2781 of all specimens (57.8%). Neoplastic lesions, inflammatory bowel diseases and polyps were 9.3%, 19.3% and 29.2% of total biopsies, respectively. Pathologic biopsies were more common in the distal colon. Maps of all biopsies and maps of specific pathologies were manifested in GIS.Conclusions: Our study showed that left-sided lesions are still more common in the Iranian population. On the other hand, surveying the right side of colon is as important as the distal part, which necessitates total colonoscopy.

Sports facility management is debatable from several angles, such as design principles, safety, and health principles, sizes and standards, and supervision, among which optimal location and determining the appropriate location to build sports facilities is one of the most crucial and specialized categories. The purpose of this research is a review study of sports places site selection with Geographic Information system. To achieve the research goal, a review study was conducted on the issue of locating sports venues with GIS. Google Scholar, SJR, and SID databases were reviewed to extract English and non-English language articles on locating sports venues with GIS. The researches conducted from 2007 to 2023 were reviewed in this study. The search was conducted in December 2022 and led to the identification of 565 records. After two steps of ‘screening’ and ‘eligibility’, 17 researches have met the criteria and were included for data analysis. Findings demonstrated that GIS has become very prosperous in the world, huge sums of money are spent to prepare these Systems, and it is predicted that billions of dollars will be spent in this field in the future.

Landscape ecology as a modern interdisciplinary science offers new concepts, theories, and methods for land evaluation and management. A main part of landscape ecology is describing patterns in the landscape and interpreting the ecological effects of these patterns on flora, fauna, flow of energy and materials. Remote sensing and GIS techniques have a high ability for landscape researchers to specify maps and analyze landscape patterns. We can use the trends in indices to our management decisions. In this study, landscape patterns were quantified by the number and size of land cover patches, the degree of naturalness, and the diversity indices were calculated by GIS approaches and compared for 35 years, in order to reinforce the management efforts of Mouteh wildlife refuge in Iran. The results showed increasing destructions with regards to unplanned human activities, while some natural landscape improvements occurred in the core protected area.

Background: The municipal waste landfill sites have high a potential of contaminating the environment and having effects of the human health due to waste degradation, production of leachate, carbon dioxide and methane gases. The present study aims to evaluate the location of the solid waste landfill using GIS and based on the Oleckno index. Assessment parameters included average annual rainfall, soil type and ground water beneath and adjacent to the landfill site.Methods: This study was based on field- and library-based data collection, and surveys of relevant data. Then data were registered into the GIS environment and overlaying layers analysis method was used.Findings: In 2010 the total rainfall in the landfill region was less than 150 mm/year. The soil material was clay loam, and the average distance from the floor of the landfill to the groundwater level was 3-9 meters. As calculated results showed that, the Oleckno Index score in the study area was 40. This means that the conditions were good and there was low groundwater pollution potential.Conclusion: The new landfill site of the city and suburb of Isfahan had a good Oleckno index and the possibility of contamination of groundwater by leachate production based on this index was also low.

Background: Tick-borne diseases are of the most important diseases in the world including Iran. This survey was conducted to understand the eco-epidemiology of tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases in Qazvin province, Iran, using Geospatial Information System (GIS).Materials and Methods: DNA samples were extracted from livestock blood samples collected from different regions of Qazvin province.18S rRNA-based PCR targeted Theileria/ Babesia species were done. Initial parameters for mapping the local tick-borne hemoparasitic diseases and raster files were obtained from Iran Meteorological Organization and Iranian Space Agency. Mapping of the parameters in relation to prevalence of these diseases were done. Statistical analysis was used for weighting parameters ranking and predicting spatial distribution in different climatic zones.Results: Vapor pressure, precipitation, and altitude are of several environmental factors correlated with tick abundances. Based on the generated maps and the results of this survey, some predicting results could be used for predicting tick-borne diseases and their control.9.7% of ruminant blood samples (N=16) were infected with protozoa pathogens from the genera Theileria and all of the specimens were negative regarding to Babesia genera.Conclusion: Results showed that prediction of a very high prevalence of Theileria/ Babesia species and mapping endangered area is possible in different parts of Iran. Based on the environmental conditions, key factors exist for host-seeking and range expansion of ticks.